'Twas the Night Before Christmas: The Text, History, and Enduring Legacy
'Twas the Night Before Christmas, also known as A Visit from St. Nicholas, is more than just a beloved Christmas poem; it's a cultural cornerstone. This article delves into the text itself, explores its fascinating history, and examines its enduring impact on Christmas traditions worldwide. We'll cover key aspects to help you understand and appreciate this timeless classic.
The Text of 'Twas the Night Before Christmas
Here's the complete text of Clement C. Moore's masterpiece:
'Twas the night before Christmas, when all through the house
Not a creature was stirring, not even a mouse;
The stockings were hung by the chimney with care,
In hopes that St. Nicholas soon would be there;
The children were nestled all snug in their beds,
While visions of sugar-plums danced in their heads;
And mamma in her 'kerchief, and I in my cap,
Had just settled our brains for a long winter's nap,
When out on the lawn there arose such a clatter,
I sprang from the bed to see what was the matter.
Away to the window I flew like a flash,
Tore open the shutters and threw up the sash.
The moon on the breast of the new-fallen snow
Gave the lustre of mid-day to objects below,
When, what to my wondering eyes should appear,
But a miniature sleigh, and eight tiny reindeer,
With a little old driver, so lively and quick,
I knew in a moment it must be St. Nick.
More rapid than eagles his coursers they came,
And he whistled, and shouted, and called them by name;
"Now, Dasher! now, Dancer! now, Prancer and Vixen!
On, Comet! on, Cupid! on, Donner and Blitzen!
To the top of the porch! to the top of the wall!
Now dash away! dash away! dash away all!"
As leaves that before the wild hurricane fly,
When they meet with an obstacle, mount to the sky,
So up to the house-top the coursers they flew,
With the sleigh full of toys, and St. Nicholas too.
And then, in a twinkling, I heard on the roof
The prancing and pawing of each little hoof.
As I drew in my head, and was turning around,
Down the chimney St. Nicholas came with a bound.
He was dressed all in fur, from his head to his foot,
And his clothes were all tarnished with ashes and soot;
A bundle of toys he had flung on his back,
And he looked like a peddler just opening his pack.
His eyes—how they twinkled! his dimples how merry!
His cheeks were like roses, his nose like a cherry!
His droll little mouth was drawn up like a bow,
And the beard on his chin was as white as the snow;
The stump of a pipe he held tight in his teeth,
And the smoke, it encircled his head like a wreath;
He had a broad face and a little round belly
That shook when he laughed, like a bowlful of jelly.
He was chubby and plump, a right jolly old elf,
And I laughed when I saw him, in spite of myself;
A wink of his eye and a twist of his head,
Soon gave me to know I had nothing to dread;
He spoke not a word, but went straight to his work,
And filled all the stockings, then turned with a jerk,
And laying his finger aside of his nose,
And giving a nod, up the chimney he rose;
He sprang to his sleigh, to his team gave a whistle,
And away they all flew like the down of a thistle.
But I heard him exclaim, ere he drove out of sight,
"Happy Christmas to all, and to all a good-night!"
The History and Author of 'Twas the Night Before Christmas
The poem was anonymously published in the Troy Sentinel newspaper in 1823. It wasn't until 1837 that Clement Clarke Moore claimed authorship, though some debate persists. Regardless of the exact details, Moore's poem quickly captured the public imagination. The poem's popularity cemented many of our modern Christmas traditions, including:
- Santa Claus's physical description: Moore's poem is largely responsible for the image of Santa as a jolly, plump man with a white beard.
- Reindeer names: Dasher, Dancer, Prancer, Vixen, Comet, Cupid, Donner, and Blitzen entered the lexicon thanks to Moore.
- Santa's mode of transportation: The flying sleigh pulled by reindeer became an iconic symbol of Christmas.
- The chimney entrance: The idea of Santa Claus entering homes through the chimney became widespread.
The Enduring Legacy of 'Twas the Night Before Christmas
The poem's impact extends far beyond its charming narrative. It has been:
- Adapted countless times: The poem has been translated into numerous languages and adapted for various media, including stage productions, animated films, and musical scores.
- A source of inspiration: It has inspired countless artists, writers, and musicians, shaping our collective understanding of Christmas.
- A cultural touchstone: The poem remains a staple of Christmas celebrations worldwide, read aloud in homes and classrooms every year.
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